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PDOC00158
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1995-07-26
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* Phosphoglycerate mutase family phosphohistidine signature *
*************************************************************
Phosphoglycerate mutase (EC 5.4.2.1) (PGAM) and bisphosphoglycerate mutase
(EC 5.4.2.4) (BPGM) are structurally related enzymes which catalyze reactions
involving the transfer of phospho groups between the three carbon atoms of
phosphoglycerate [1,2]. Both enzymes can catalyze three different reactions,
although in different proportions:
- The isomerization of 2-phosphoglycerate (2-PGA) to 3-phosphoglycerate (3-
PGA) with 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) as the primer of the reaction.
- The synthesis of 2,3-DPG from 1,3-DPG with 3-PGA as a primer.
- The degradation of 2,3-DPG to 3-PGA (phosphatase EC 3.1.3.13 activity).
In mammals, PGAM is a dimeric protein. There are two isoforms of PGAM: the M
(muscle) and B (brain) forms. In yeast, PGAM is a tetrameric protein. BPGM is
a dimeric protein and is found mainly in erythrocytes where it plays a major
role in regulating hemoglobin oxygen affinity as a consequence of controlling
2,3-DPG concentration.
The catalytic mechanism of both PGAM and BPGM involves the formation of a
phosphohistidine intermediate [3].
The bifunctional enzyme 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase / fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase
(EC 2.7.1.105 and EC 3.1.3.46) (PF2K) [4] catalyzes both the synthesis and the
degradation of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate. PF2K is an important enzyme in the
regulation of hepatic carbohydrate metabolism. Like PGAM/BPGM, the fructose-
2,6-bisphosphatase reaction involves a phosphohistidine intermediate and the
phosphatase domain of PF2K is structurally related to PGAM/BPGM.
We built a signature pattern around the phosphohistidine residue.
-Consensus pattern: [LIVM]-x-R-H-G-[EQ]-x(3)-N
[H is the phosphohistidine residue]
-Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL.
-Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: yeast hypothetical protein YKL128c.
-Note: some organisms harbor a form of PGAM independent of 2,3-DPG, this
enzyme is not related to the family described above [5].
-Last update: June 1994 / Text revised.
[ 1] Le Boulch P., Joulin V., Garel M.-C., Rosa J., Cohen-Solal M.
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 156:874-881(1988).
[ 2] White M.F., Fothergill-Gilmore L.A.
FEBS Lett. 229:383-387(1988).
[ 3] Rose Z.B.
Meth. Enzymol. 87:43-51(1982).
[ 4] Bazan J.F., Fletterick R.J., Pilkis S.J.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86:9642-9646(1989).
[ 5] Grana X., De Lecea L., El-Maghrabi M.R., Urena J.M., Caellas C.,
Carreras J., Puigdomenech P., Pilkis S.J., Climent F.
J. Biol. Chem. 267:12797-12803(1992).